Wisconsin's diverse landscape, ranging from dense forests to urban parks, provides habitat for several squirrel species. Identifying these furry creatures can be a fun pastime for nature enthusiasts and casual observers alike. This guide delves into the common types of squirrels found in the Badger State, highlighting their distinguishing features and preferred habitats.
Common Squirrels of Wisconsin
Wisconsin is home to a variety of squirrels, but some are more commonly encountered than others. Let's explore the most prevalent species:
1. Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
This is arguably the most recognizable squirrel in Wisconsin. The Eastern Gray Squirrel is easily identified by its:
- Large size: They are among the largest squirrel species in the state.
- Gray fur: Their fur is predominantly gray, but can range in color from almost black to a light grayish-brown. A noticeable feature is the white fur on the underside of their tail.
- Bushy tail: Their tail is long, bushy, and plays a crucial role in balance and communication.
- Adaptability: Eastern Gray Squirrels are highly adaptable and thrive in both wooded areas and urban environments, often seen scampering across power lines and rooftops.
2. Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger)
Larger than the Eastern Gray Squirrel, the Fox Squirrel boasts a striking appearance:
- Large size: Significantly larger than the Eastern Gray Squirrel.
- Reddish-brown fur: Their fur is typically a rich reddish-brown, though variations exist. They often have white patches on their body.
- Large, bushy tail: Their tail is proportionally even larger than that of the Eastern Gray Squirrel.
- Habitat preference: While they can adapt to some urban areas, Fox Squirrels generally prefer larger, mature woodland areas with oak trees.
3. American Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)
The American Red Squirrel, a smaller and more agile species, stands out with its:
- Smaller size: Considerably smaller than both the Gray and Fox squirrels.
- Reddish-brown fur: Their fur is a rusty reddish-brown, often with white underparts.
- Bushy tail: Similar to the other squirrels, they have a bushy tail but relatively shorter.
- Vocalizations: They are known for their distinctive chattering calls.
- Habitat preference: They favor coniferous forests and often live near pine trees.
4. Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
While not as frequently sighted as the others, the Southern Flying Squirrel is a unique resident of Wisconsin:
- Nocturnal: These squirrels are primarily active at night.
- Gliding: They possess a patagium, a membrane of skin stretching between their limbs, allowing them to glide between trees.
- Small size: This is a small squirrel species.
- Grayish-brown fur: Their fur is typically grayish-brown, with a lighter underside.
- Habitat preference: They prefer wooded areas with mature trees.
Identifying Squirrels: Key Differences Summarized
| Feature | Eastern Gray Squirrel | Fox Squirrel | American Red Squirrel | Southern Flying Squirrel |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size | Medium | Large | Small | Small |
| Fur Color | Gray, white underside | Reddish-brown, white patches | Reddish-brown, white underside | Grayish-brown, lighter underside |
| Tail | Bushy | Very bushy | Bushy | Bushy |
| Activity | Diurnal | Diurnal | Diurnal | Nocturnal |
| Habitat | Forests, urban areas | Mature woodlands | Coniferous forests | Wooded areas |
Conclusion
Wisconsin’s diverse ecosystem supports a variety of squirrel species, each with unique characteristics and habitat preferences. Learning to identify these fascinating creatures adds another layer of enjoyment to exploring the state's natural beauty. Observing their behavior, noting their physical characteristics, and understanding their ecological roles enhances our appreciation for the wildlife around us. Remember to observe these animals from a safe distance and respect their natural habitat.
